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Middle Ear AnatomyMénière DiseaseDrrezaHsanzaEMSOtitis mediaWorking of ear10. A 32-year-old woman in her second trimester of pregnancy presented to the clinic for a check- up. The patient had a 5-year history of excessive alcohol intake and had been using cocaine frequently for the past 3 years. She appeared malnourished and had lost 5.4kgs during the first trimester, secondary to anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Pertinent laboratory values were red blood cell count (RBC) 2.7 106/mm3 (norm al, fem ale 3.5-5.5 x 106/mm3), mean corpuscular volume 112 fl. (norm al 80-100 fl.), serum vitamin B12 350 pg/in L. (norm al 280 pg/mL), serum ferritin 200 ng/mL (norm al 30-300 ng/mL). Blood stain showed in acro- ovalocytic RBCs and hyper segmentation of neutrophils. Which of the following drugs would
be most appropriate for this patient a. Cyanocobalamin
Folic acid
c. Ferrous sulfate
d. Iron dextran
e. ErythropoietinTetralogy of FallotRuptured eardrum
If you get a hole in your tympanic membrane, it’s called a ruptured eardrum. (Your eardrum separates your outer ear from your middle ear.) Infection, trauma, loud sounds or foreign objects in your ears can cause a ruptured eardrum. In most cases, a ruptured eardrum will heal on its own in a few weeks. But sometimes, it requires surgical repair, such as tympanoplasty.Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is when abnormal bone remodeling occurs in your middle ear. Bone remodeling is a normal lifelong process in which existing bone tissue replaces itself with new bone tissue. When this process doesn’t go as expected, however, it can cause health problems. With otosclerosis, the tiny bones inside of your middle ear (the malleus, incus and stapes) become hardened and stop vibrating. As a result, sound doesn’t travel properly. Surgery is usually necessary to treat otosclerosis.Cyst of ganglion.