Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. This is a maculopapular rash that develops in some people who recover from visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala azar - ‘black fever’), a parasitic infection caused by the leishmania trypanosome. Visceral leishmaniasis is 95% fatal if left untreated, if a person recovers they can develop PKDL, which can lead to significant disfigurement.