Bunions A bunion, formally called hallux vulgus, is a hard bony and painful lump at the base of your foot by the big toe. The skin over bunion is usually hard, red and swollen. A bunion is out of alignment of normal symmetry of foot and toes. It is a commonly occurring condition which is accompanied by foot pain, functional disability and reduced quality of life. Bunions are common in individuals with hammer toes and flat feet.