The process of exchange transfusion involves removing the blood from the body slowly followed by replacing it with prewarmed, fresh blood. In case where there is increased in the number of red blood cells, the specific quantity of blood is taken out and replaced by normal saline. The indications of exchange transfusion are: - Neonatal polycythemia - Rh-induced hemolysis in newborn - Severe pathological jaundice in neonates - Severe sickle cell disease - Drug adverse effects Reference: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002923.htm Image via: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Neonate-on-phototherapy-and-exchange-transfusion_fig1_330647575