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about 7 years ago
Hofmann elimination, also known as exhaustive methylation, is a process where a quaternary ammonium reacts to create a Tertiary amine and an alkene by treatment with excess methyl iodide followed by treatment with silver oxide, water, and heat.
about 7 years ago
After the first step, a quaternary ammonium iodide salt is created. After replacement of iodine by an hydroxyl anion, an elimination reaction takes place to form the alkene.
about 7 years ago
With asymmetrical amines, the major alkene product is the least substituted and generally the least stable, an observation known as the Hofmann rule. This is in direct contrast to normal elimination reactions where the more substituted, stable product is dominant (Zaitsev's rule).
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