Radiograph Features in Emphysema

The main constituents of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Characteristic radiological findings may be demonstrated in such patients. Following characteristics can be appreciated in case of emphysema: - Hyperinflated lungs - Flattened hemidiaphragms - Small-sized heart - Bullous changes - Saber-sheath trachea (coronal narrowing of trachea on frontal view but sagittal narrowing on lateral view) Reference: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-1 Image via: https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alpha_1-antitrypsin_deficiency_x_ray