List the indications for commencing dialysis or filtration (CVVHF) in acute kidney injury
Dialysis is a procedure done when kidney is not being able to function adequately. Plasma from blood is fed to a machine which removes waste material and feeds the blood back. The decision to proceed to dialysis is made on specific indications such as urine output less than 0.3ml/kg for more than 24 hours or absolute anuria for more than 12 hours, multi organ failure, refractory volume overload, uremic encephalopathy, uremic pericarditis, drug poisoning or overdose, refractive hyperkalemia of more than 6.5mM, serum urea more than 27mM, refractive metabolic acidosis( pH< 7.15),refractive electrolyte abnormalities ( hyponatremia less than 115mM or hypernatremia of 165mM) and hypercalcemia.