The causes of UTI are - Poor hygiene especially among children and people who belong to low socioeconomic status - Multiple, intense, frequent or new sexual intercourse - Pregnancy - Urinary catheter - Contraceptives e.g. Condoms, spermicides, diaphragm - Heavy and prolonged use of antibiotics which kill the natural flora or urinary tract - The short urethra in females - Wiping after passing stool in the direction of anus-to-urethra - Low estrogen level The symptoms of UTI are • Persistent urge to urinate • Frequently urinating small amounts • Hematuria Pelvic pain in women • Nebulous urine • Dysuria • Foul-smelling strong odour • Fatigue and exhaustion • Fever and chills • Pain and pressure in the lower back • Persistent dull pain in pelvis, abdomen and flank • Urinary incontinence i.e. leakage of urine • Nocturia • Dyspareunia Treatment of UTI includes - Antibiotics - Home remedies - Lifestyle modification