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Vsd or ventricular septal defect is a caridological condition characterized by a defect or a whole in the septum that usually separates the left ventricule from the right ventricule, it might be due to several reasons mainly its congenital heart defects in the newborns, might be due to some genetic abnormalities such as Down syndroms or teratogenic factors the mother is exposed to during her pregnancies( such as smoking, drug abuse, alcohol addiction...). This defect leads to the passage of the blood from the left ventricle to the right one, its usually tretaed with surgery. Several symptoms are noticed such as abnormal heat murmurs mainly is the defect is major not minor, tachypnoea, enlarged heart silhouette, however cynaosis is unremarkable unless the defect is major and the blood flow may reverse from right to left causing pulmonary arterial pressure to increase as the blood passing the lungs requires more oxygenation. Diagnosis requires auscultation and heart echo to detect properly. 5 types are usually defined in vsd type 1 is sub aortic, type 2 membranous, type 3 inlet type 4 muscular and finally the Gerbode type with atrial communication.
