Identify the specimen- A Human Kidney!
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is more common than we can imagine. It affects up to 1 in 4000- 10000 live births. Abnormal signal transduction due to mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 genes leads to progressive cyst formation and enlargement of both kidneys. Patients may be asymptomatic until renal faliure sets in or they may present with pain, hematuria, hypertension or a sense of abdominal distention. We cannot eliminate the disease owing to its genetic basis but management directed at preservation of renal function and dialysis for renal faliure can alleviate the symptoms. Renal transplant can be offered as curative treatment. (Image via: https://surgeonshallmuseums.wordpress.com/2018/04/14/pathology-spotlight-a-holey-kidney/ )
The kidneys nephrotic Sclerosis is because of renal failure from not having an enzymes of what that their body needed so it could excrete waste so looked gallstones were passed has had gallstones surgery been too put through dialysis regular