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Clinically Important Respiratory States
1.Eupnoea
Normal resting respiration.
2.Hyperpnoea
Increased minute volume due to increase in depth and frequency.
3.Hypopnoea
Reduced minute volume due to decrease in frequency and depth of Respiration.
4.Tachypnoea
Increase in respiratory frequency above the normal.
5.Bradypnoea
Decrease in respiratory frequency.
6.Apnoea
Temporary cessation of breathing.Asthma,lung diseases and pulmonary edema.
7.Dyspnoea
Difficult and conscious breathing
8.Orthopnoea
Severe dyspnoea associated with left heart failure in reclining posture, which gets relieved on sitting.
9.Asphyxia
Ventilation insufficiency associated with hypoxia and hypercapnia.
10.Hypoxia
Decreased Po2 in the tissue.High altitude and lung diseases are associated with hypoxia
11.Hypercapnia
Increased Pco2 in the tissue.
12.Hypoxemia
Low levels of O2 in the blood.
13.Hypocapnia
Decreased Pco2 level in the tissue.
14.Cyanosis
Bluish colouration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the presence of reduced Hb by > (more than) 5g/100mL in arterial blood.
15.Apneusis
Prolonged inspiration abruptly interrupted by very brief expiration is called apneusis.It occurs in certain types of severe brain damage.Foleys catheter wrong useImportant information about D-Dimer testX-ray Basic InterpretationThe rule of nines to calculate burnsDrug of choice in pregnancyCSF XanthochromiaMedicines and their antidotesMethotrexate side-effectsHow flasking is important?