1929, Philip S. Hench treated a patient with rheumatoid arthritis whose symptoms mysteriously disappeared when she developed jaundice. Her improvement led Hench to suspect that certain medical conditions led to the production of a substance that could treat the condition.
Hench began investigating the hormones being produced by the kidney’s adrenal gland - in particular a substance he and his colleagues termed Compound E. Compound E, later renamed cortisone, was found to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammations. Thanks to his work on that and similar hormones, Hench was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1950, alongside Edward Kendall and Tadeus.